Endo drugs Rotation prep

Exogenous and Endogenous Insulin

Sulfonylureas 1st Gen (-amides), 2nd Gen (-ride): Increase insulin release

Chloropromide (Diabenese)

Tolbutamide

Glimeprimide (Amaryl)

Gilbenclamide (Daonil)

Glipizide (Glibenese, Glucotrol, Minodiab)

Meglitinides:

Repaglinide: (Prandin, Novonorm, Enyglid)

Nateglinide: (Starlix)

Depolarizes beta cell in pancreas by blocking Potassium channels on Beta cell.

Causes Calcium influx

A/E: Hypoglycemia

Insulin (short acting, intermediate and long term)

GLP-1 analogues: released by L-cells in intestine to release insulin from pancreas

DPP-4 inhibitors: prevents DPP-4 from deactivating GLP-1

Signs of hypoglycemia:

Autonomic hyperactivity: Sypmathetic: tachycardia, sweating, palpatations and nausea.

Er sympathetic: nausea and hunger, can lead to convulsions and coma.

Biguanide: Metformin (Fortamet and Glumetza)- increases insulin sensitivity

Inhibits mitochondrial enzyme to stop hepatic gluconeogenesis. It increases glycolysis and peripheral glucose uptake

A/E: Lactic acidosis, renal insufficiency, weight loss, vitamin B12 deficiency

Thiazolidinediones: -glits - increases insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels

SGLT-2 inhibitors: -glifs- blocks reabsorption of glucose in PCT

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors - inhibits intestinal alpha glucosidase to stop glucose reabsorption

Amylin analogue - decreases glucagon release and gastric emptying